Meaning: big horned cattle, head of such cattle

Phonetic equivalent: F

Modern translation i.e. interpretation could be: property, or money. At the times the runes emerged, this one had the same sense - the only equivalent to money with both nomadic and farming German tribes was the number of heads of cattle; that was the measure and manner of expression of property.

Myths and deities: Freyr, Brisingamen, the Dwarfs

Zodiac sign: Taurus

Taurus is the most expressive sign of Earth. Earth is the soil where from fruits are gathered, where wealths and power are grown and harvested. This is why fehu symbolizes a neverending richess that is constantly renewed, strength, stability, and fertility.In predicting it forecasts: prosperity, money, plentitude, wealth, satisfaction of physical and financial needs and requirements, goal, promotion/advancement, self-respect.

Use in magic purposes: for money, - business, advancement, employment, attainment of goals, commencement of new undertakings.

Analysis: Fehu bears a double meaning - the rune is the everyday reality that we live in, however also the catalyst showing us what there is lying behind it. On the one side this is our home, and on the other - our roaming in search of spiritual progress that surpasses simple pleasures and joys of home, family, and good business.

Fehu reminds us that we have to be certain about our psychological capabilities prior to setting off into any kind of spiritual journey. We have to start from the everyday reality of life, that is never superseded by majority of people. Tamed and domesticated like heads of domestic cattle, we mostly live in everyday reality, not expecting anything else and not hoping that any stepping out is possible at all. The first step leading out of such a situation is simple view of other possibilities, without leaving the everyday security.

Upright position

Fehu stands for financial success, however also for positive assessment of own efforts and actions, which includes much more than just money itself. The rune says that correct evaluation of own actions and deeds means the key of an answer to the question.

In its upright position fehu promises fulfillment of wishes in the sphere of romance; it is very encouraging and favours all kinds of relationships including emotions. In material sense it denotes gain owing to a bet or inheritance.

Inverse position

In its inverted position this rune stands for failures in love. In the financial spheres, too, this is a bad sign, as expectations are not going to be materialized.

Meaning: giant, bitter frost, thorn

Phonetic equivalent: TH

Modern translation/interpretation of the rune: Thorn, giant or big ghost

Myths and deities: frost-giants, Loki

Planet: Jupiter

In astrology they call this planet "Big fortune", as it brings unhoped-for wealth and success. Jupiter is a good planet featuring capacity to understand everything and to extend help incessantly and build the noble side of Man's nature. Always struggles for just causes. People influenced by the Jupiter are beloved in their company, they perform all their tasks and complete affairs in a quick manner, they are happy, noble, and rich. They grasp all meanings and understand everything quickly, at the same time knowing how to take out of life everything that is best for them, and to truly enjoy all that.

In predictions it announces: poverty, painful outcome of a situation, discipline, insight/knowledge, introspection, focus

User for magic purposes: as an aid in the process of learning, assistance in meditating and attaining self-discipline, for clearing up the meaning and essence of a grave situation

Analysis: Thurisaz is the first of the runes of "need", "poverty". Such a "short supply" is not destructive by definition, rather lying on our way to reinforce us and to teach us something.

This rune communicates to us that the essence of learning is suffering - what at first glance appears to us to be negative, destructive and painful, proves in reality to be a very important lesson, the learning and acquisition of which can possibly change our life for the better.

Upright position

A thorn's function is to protect the plant, and thus it is thurisaz also that appears in sense of all forms of self-protection. The rune says that better results are achieved if allowed is an unobstacled flow of energy that surrounds one, without any pressures.

In its upright position the rune denotes a dilemma. If bringing some important decision is in question, the rune advises that thorougly and without any haste light be thrown upon all details of the problem prior to making the decision. To view and understand things clearly and realistically in order to bring a correct decision some certain time is needed, and we should let it pass if possibility exists to do that.

Inverse position

If this rune stops in its inverted position it announces bringing of an imprudent, hasty and abrupt decision, to be regretted later and which could possibly produce serious discords in the family.

Meaning: Odin, God, in broader sense - father

Phonetic equivalent: A

Myths and deities: Odin

Planet: Mercury

Mercury is the god of intelligence and trade, deemed dawn of every new civilization. People influenced by this planet are characterized by capability of engaging successfully in trade and all forms of art. They easily solve all problems, engaging no deep emotions. As resourceful speakers, they are able to impose their way of thinking to masses and to manipulate them. Being not inclined to emotions, they wish neither good nor evil to anybody and thus they are decent and fair in all relations, however doing only what is, at a given moment, of the greatest benefit possible for the job and duties they perform.

In predictions it forecasts: authoritative personality, leader, balance of spirit and body, justice, shaman, keen intuition.

Use for magic purposes: for bringing wise decisions, success, achievement of leadership; as assistance in predicting and in magic

Analysis: This rune represents the instinctive, primal, energy of uruz, ennobled by the discipline and experience of thurisaz. These elements are combined in Odin, who simultaneously is the leader and shaman, god of warfare and god of wisdom.

Ansuz is a balanced rune. Stands for strength, secular and magic, however possibly misleading us exactly because of that. Odin has learned the lesson from the first three runes that achieve power through agency of wisdom, however this being just a new start. This rune stands for only a temporary power and one of vehicles for attainment of spiritual perfection, which is void of compassion. Odin is positioned high, on the top of his world and he makes decisions, but he really is not capable of true understanding and care about people and his own self. For him to become a truly great leader, emotional supplementing is necessary.

Upright position

This rune represents divine power and authority. In spread interpretations it advises one to seek assistance and help or to expect it from parents or other personalities of authority, or, otherwise, to listen from one's elders and to understand that the period of one's learning is still in progress.

In its upright position this rune ennounces to the person asking the question a visit by an elderly person bringing some unexpected present or the word of such. This can be a parent, a relative, or somebody quite strange or unknown to one. The character of the gift in question is possible to learn from neighboring runes.

In case of younger persons or parents of rather young children this rune can signify a scholarship granted.

Inverse position

If this rune is positioned inversely, signified is some elderly person meaning a burden - due to leniency and serious illness, or because of constant meddling into affairs and relations of other persons in the family, which leads to inconveniences and trouble.

Possibly can also stand for unsuccessful business trip.

Meaning: torch, in broader sense - fire

Phonetic equivalent: K

The word here is of the fire that purges, and. keeps, protects. The rune offering protection.

Myths and deities: Mimir, the Dwarfs, Muspellheim

Zodiac sign: Aries

Aries is the first fiery sign of the Zodiac cardinal fire which at the same time is both fierce and warm. That fire burns things, swallows, but it also purges, donates life. Aries is the sign of the closed circle of demolishion, and repeated creation.

In predictions it announces: wisdom keen intuition, solution of problems, creativity, inspiration, enlightenment

Use for magic purposes: for attainment of creative inspiration, assistance in learning/studying a fertility, driving uneasiness and fears away

Analysis: In modern interpretations kenaz stands for knowledge or understanding and this is the sense in which the rune should be taken and accepted. Light associates of inspiration and gaining insight and knowledge, thus making what has been invisible clearly visible now.

Differing from the wisdom denoted by thurisaz, kenaz acting as per of gods' permission, brings us only particles of insight and realization that we need. Such knowledge generally appears in form of sudden inspiration, that makes it possible for us to clearly see an answer that has been hidden prior to that moment. That form of finding out things and acquiring knowledge is closer to the right hemisphere of the brain than to the left one, being better suited for and corresponding to the way facts are realized by women.

Bringing light into darkness is an act of creation. Image of a person carrying the torch represents the male element of Fire and Air, which, entering the cave, penetrates the female elements of Earth and Water. Coupling of male and female elements produces new ideas. This rune can also associate of use of fire in giving shape to the matter - this is the blaksmiths' art.

Upright position

Denotes new relations. This can be a successful business relation with the existing partner, as well' as with some new one. Also possible is an exceptionally tumultuous relation with a person of opposite sex. This understands in itself giving love, and receiving love: in case of man it usually means giving, in case of women receiving, but in both cases here we have expression of full satisfaction. Regardless of the type of relation i.e. relationship, circumstances are very favourable for the person asking the question, as the rune brings creative energy of the vernal equinox into the question.

Designates also all kinds of new insights and knowledge, which make possible solution of the problem the question itself is all about.

In material sense this rune is especially lucky for female persons, announcing some exceptionally valuable gift, present. A male person is advised to deliver his present to the person he has in his mind, as this is how he will facilitate establishing the contact that is yet to bring him much success and pleasure.

Inverse position

When this rune is positioned inversely it designates loss of friendship or breaking up with business partners or a partner. In case of a romantic affair, its ending is foreseen. It can often stand for loss of something of a great value.

Speaking generally, the rune means bluntness and lagging behind, retardation, failing to understand the problem the question is all about.

Meaning: glory, victory

Phonetic equivalent: W

A modern meaning of this rune is also: happiness, or joy.

Myths and deities: Balder, Asgard

Planet: Venus

Venus is the goddess of love. Persons influenced by the Venus feature loveliness, beauty, sense of art, nobleness of soul, happiness in love, amusing life, however also what matters the most - plenty of honest friends. This is the planet of artists, seducers, and doctors. Venus governs human emotions and relations, concludes marriages between those who are in love. To the persons it influences this planet donates charm that can not be resisted, sense of and talent for music and dancing, ability to organize and conduct spectacular events and shows, delicate tastes in flowers, scents, and colours.

In predictions it forecasts: success, recognition of execution, just reward, joy, blessedness, attainment of goals, satisfaction, fulfilment

Use in magic purposes: for success in every endeavour, for motivation, for completion of tasks

Analysis: Wunjo is the last rune of the first aet, representing the end of one cycle and preparations for the next one. This is an exceptionally positive, stable, rune. Christians connect it with the Sky, although it really corresponds better to the pre-Christian Nordic Valhalla, which means Paradise, however only in a limited rather than lasting sense.

Same as in case of the wealth denoted by fehu, the glory spoken of by wunjo is just illusion. Achieved has been success on one level only, with many lessons remaining to be learned. This, however, is a good place to stop for a moment and rest, which is supposed to secure strength to us necessary for further advancement wunjo also opens perspectives for us offering a new view and insight into the path we have taken. It opens brilliant new possibilities for us, but if we let ourselves believe that we can reach and accomplish such in a fast manner and without strain, they will disappear like a flash of lightning.

Upward position

In its upward position wunjo stands for happiness and pleasure. This is an exceptionally good rune regardless of where it happens to lie in the spread, especially if it appears in future aspects or as the outcome. The rune means the full balance of satisfaction and peace, however also calm before the change.

Wunjo announces appearance of an unknown fair haired man who has recently returned from a rather long lasting trip. If the question is asked by a woman, she is going to have an emotional relationship with that man. If the question is asked by a man, he is going to have business relations with the announced person, or to spend time with such, which will turn into friendship.

This rune is a signal of travelling over water, on business or vacations, which can possibly prove very successful and pleasant.

Inverse position

In its inverted position this rune points to emotional problems - most probably love triangle, i.e. meddling of a third person into the already existing emotional relationship.

If the person asking the question is to bring some important decisions, he/she is not advised to act hastily. Careful thinking is needed for at least three days, for thirty three days at the maximum, prior to making a final decision.

Meaning: hail

Phonetic equivalent: H

Modern meaning of the rune: natural forces producing damage

Myths and deities: Ragnarok, Loki, Frost Dwarfs

Planet: Uranus

This planet governs originality, science, electricity, magic and occult events, astrology, and psychology. Uranus symbolizes aspirations for everything that is new in all fields, including revolutions and political coups, which is why it is often erroneously deemed an evil planet. People under its influence are direct and open, lucid, explosively impulsive, independent, and original. That eternal, restlessness that haunts them and torments them does not allow them to be satisfied by any solution or result. People surrounding them can never see through them clearly, as they are inclined to frequent sudden changes.

In predictions it announces: sudden loss, hard temptation, destruction, misfortune, accident, settlement of what has not been cleared, check, spiritual lesson, drastic change

Use for magic purposes: for elimination of unwished influences and destructive patterns

Analysis: The idea of destruction as the basis for construction of what is new, in Nordic mythology expressed in the myth of Ragnarok, is essential for understanding of this rune. Hagalaz stands between sowulo (Sun) and isa (Ice), reminding us of the Nordic myth of origination of the world and of the creative potential lying in between these two sides (extremes), even though it understands in itself that all things have to be destroyed first. If we wish so, we can interpret hagalaz as a negative rune only, the one announcing devastation, but this really is not its essential meaning. As it is situated at the beginning of the second aet, the rune signifies simultaneous commencement, beginning, and an end-releaving us from the certainty and self-satisfaction expressed by wunjo.

Hagalaz represents a Fate's warning; each and every time it seems to us that things are starting to develop perfectly well the fate will knock us on our head - just to make us maintain the necessary care and attention. If we fail to learn the lesson, such warnings will be appearing increasingly more often and more expressed, all the time until we have finally realized that possibilities do not exist for lasting peace, negligent surrender, and continual self-satisfaction.

Magic meanings

This rune features no specific upright and/or inverse positions.

Hagalaz teaches us that we have to learn how to accept everyday realities, especially unexpected occurences and changes of plans. Succesful adapting to unexpected and unwished difficulties and hardships will enable one to be much happier than at the moment the question is asked.

This rune most often denotes that natural phenomena or major forces will alter one's plans. It can also announce death of a close friend or relative, or point to poor health condition of such persons.

In some rare occasions it can predict approaching wars or social disturbances, which are expected to break out in the hundred and thirty three days' time after the day/date the runes are spread. This interpretation should be checked in a repeated spread of the runes. If the original ascertainment is repeated i.e. confirmed, there is nothing the person who has asked the question could possibly do to prevent the announced occurence.

Meaning: need, necessity

Phonetic equivalent: N

Modern translation/interpretation of the rune: need, and restraint

Myths and deities: Freyr and Gerda

Planet: Saturn

Saturn is a reactionary planet, striving to obstacle and prevent any progress. It is heavy, cold, and melancholic. Persistent in every effort and strain, however also emotionless and extremely rational. The wealths such a person possesses, he/she wishes to keep just for his/her own self, choosing no means and stopping at nothing. Arrogant misanthrope and loner. Hard to stand - to his own personal self, however also to his surroundings, neighbours. Due to all these bad characteristics and personal traits people born in the sign of Saturn go through many difficulties and troubles in life, but Nature has equipped them with the capacity to endure all of such and to survive, to live on through.

In predictions it announces: poverty, misery, responsibility, separation, obstacles, frustration

Use for magic purposes: to represent and depict the needs that are to be satisfied, met

Analysis: The manner hagalaz represents the Fate's warning, nauthiz stands for an empty vessel. This rune is a low-tuned but constant reminding that things are not the way they should be. Life appears to us to have slipped out of synchronization, and apparently nothing goes well. No matter how much we already have this is not enough for us, and a constant desire exists requesting something bigger or better. The rune's positive side is in that, with this constant dissatisfaction, it never allows us to stay passive, taking us out from the relative security of wunjo, and motivating us for change.

Nauthiz represents disproportion between our wishes and what we already have. Manner of resolving such a situation influences crucially the whole of our life, making us analyse and study all circumstances carefully to determine values and priorities. Nauthiz helps us make the first step on the road of understanding the true needs which will enable us to develop spiritually and intellectually in a direction corresponding to our own nature.

Upright position

Nauthiz interpreted in spreads means that we have to be patient and stand all limitations that await us. Although unpleasant, the temptations announced by this rune help us develop the firmness necessary for finding the way out of unwished situations.

In its upright position this rune signifies that coming to light there appear troubles. Something you have already thought resolved or completed, some favourable development of events, is going to be halted and postponed at the very commencement. You should interpret the neighbouring runes, which will help you devise a new plan to really execute what you wish despite difficulties, although with some lateness.

Inverse position

In its inverted position nauthiz announces a risky adventure, that is possible to prevent. Neighbouring runes can interpret for you the nature of consequences of such an adventure.

This rune brings a somewhat milder and more acceptable meaning when it relates to persons advanced in years.

Meaning: year, harvest

Phonetic equivalent: J

Myths and deities: Sif, Thor, Freyr, Grann

Zodiac sign: Virgo

This sign is under an expressed influence of the planet Mercury. Its virtues are agility and will to work, outstanding intelligence, great skill in getting adapted, and resourcefulness in finding and making own expression. All these are good predispositions for acquisition of material goods.

In predictions it announces: change, cycle renewal/repetition, motion, movement, productivity, unavoidable development, just reward

Use for magic purposes: for bringing change about; for fertility and growth

Analysis: In this contemporary time or state-of-the-art technologies that suit the environment to Man's needs, even to his wishes, forgotten has been people's close connectedness with the annual cycle, which is especially notable in northern climatic regions. Change of season has never understood in itself just change of weather conditions, rather also determining daily activities, even nutrition habits and choice of food. Change of seasons used to be the foundations of life of ancient plowmen in the North, who never fought the Nature but rather lived in full harmony with it.

With all Indo-European peoples traditional calendars understood in themselves differentiation between two (main) seasons: Winter, and Summer. Year was calculated as starting with the beginning of Spring, while the peak of a yearly cycle were rites and festivities connected with the period of harvest, falling in the time of the summer solstice, when the Sun is in its topmost point, after which its power starts declining. Successful harvest meant material security during the yearly cycle that came next, and it is exactly because of this that jera unites the harvest and the year in its meaning.

In the rune sequence jera follows isa the way the summer exchanges the winter. With a turn of the Wheel the icy stagnation gets broken, and the period of prosperity and fertile is brought about. In essence, with this leap from isa to jera disconnected gets the sequence of the "negative" runes this aet started with. The change is no consequence of any struggle against the ice or unjust fate, but rather the consequence of experience and patient waiting for unavoidable change. In this manner jera is the link connecting the life extremes. This rune says that storms come and go, with the Sun, however, being always here, and the life being good - generally viewed. 

Magic meaning

This rune features no specific upright and inverse positions. Jera is the symbol of connecting incomplete end points, paying old debts.

The rune announces that the person asking the question will, within a year after the day/date of spread interpreting, harvest recognitions and rewards, as the result of previous engagement and efforts invested over a rather long period of time. The rune is a good omen in sense of business proposals or official presentations. If the question is asked to the Runic Wheel, the rune's exact-meaning depends on the house it occupies at the moment.

Jera often appears in connection with persons who are connected with law in some way. The person asking the question can possibly be a police officer, lawyer, judge, or perhaps active in some other line basing on enforcement and practising of law.

Meaning: yew

Phonetic equivalent: EI

Modern translation/interpretation: to make a turn, to turn to other side. The rune has originally been associated with hunt; holds the strength and ability to divert, to dissuade.

Myths and deities: Hell, Yggdrasil

Zodiac sign: Sagittarius

This is the sign in which persons possess good intellectual and moral foundations. They are always ready to help other people who are in trouble. They are agile, energetic, with broad horizons, courageous. They are in constant striving for sublime aims, and they achieve their goals with hard and persistent work. Aware of their own values and of the success earned honestly, they feel their own selves as a place of residence accomodating a part of God.

In predictions it announces: change, initiation, confrontation to fear, turning point, death

Use for magic purposes: for brining about a complete change, for facilitation of going through life

Analysis: In the West and North Europe yew has been connected with symbolics of the runes, magic, death ever since the oldest times known. Respect paid to it dates from the times older than the Celts, and has been lasting until this day, in the Christian tradition. The reasons for such a respect are numerous: its eternal evergreen colour is the symbol of life during long winters, while the red berries, the colour of blood, also symbolize life. In addition, jew lives for exceptionally long, being practically immortal.

Eihwaz is the thirteenth rune in the sequence, marking the middle of the alphabet. It is the turning point in the runic voyage and symbolizes change as consequence of the process of initiation. All transition rituals, especially those introducing the young into the world of the grown-ups, feature an outstanding symbolics of death, the basic idea of which being that an old person has to die so as to make birth possible of a new, mature-to-be, person. In this sense the rune is close to Death, a Major Arcana from the Tarot, which also occupies the thirteenth position.

Eihwaz is the passage that takes us to the kingdom of Hel, which is necessary for us to gain insight into the basic idea and accept our own mortality. This is a mystery only possible to learn with assistance of death it self, the process of liberation understanding in itself facing the deepest fears, wisdom acquired through own experience. Eihwaz is the bridge leading to that wisdom, stretching between the Life (jera) and the new birth (perth).

Meaning in magic

This rune features no specific upright and inverse positions. It represents change with no interruptions, way out of problems without any difficulties, evasion of possible traps.

The rune says that the person asking the question is going to experience change of job shortly. That change will be causing dissatisfaction at first, however bringing much success and happiness on the long run. This rune does not speak of one 's own personal work, rather being able to relate also to change in relations, or change of the superiors' opinions and attitudes. It can also stand for change in the physical sense of place of work.

In some instances this rune speaks of difficult current situation one can simply see no way out. It announces that the situation is going to start changing for the better soon, that relief is approaching.

In general, eihwaz announces the inevitable change, which brings along positive outcomes and results

Meaning: vulva, secret

Phonetic equivalent: P

Modern translation/interpretation: secret, or hidden thing

Myths and deities: Freya, Angrboda

Zodiac sign: Scorpio

This is the sign of liquid Fire, and thus it is taken that typical representative of this sign is possible to recognize by fiery look in his/her eyes. This is at the same time also the fire of lust, which can not be prevented on its way to its goal. Primal instincts of the soul are the main motive force that gives them exceptional resoluteness and passion. They constantly have to bridle and suppress such traits of theirs in order to live in harmony with the environment. This is why persons born in this sign often appear veiled in secrets and mystical.

In predictions it announces: new birth, mystery, magic, divine influence, fertility, sexuality, new beginning, prophecy

Use for magic purposes: for fertility, to facilitate giving birth, for success in predicting and in practices of magic, reinforcement of powers of psyche

Analysis: The rune's interpretation is rather vague. Indeed, in old German dialects there does not exist the sound P, and thus we can but suppose that the word used to name this rune has been adopted from some other language.

The rune's position in the sequence of the runes corresponds to the meaning of re-birth after death. It is the symbol of the divine womb, mysterious and hidden, feminine, gracious and full of power, sexual supplement to uruz, whose power would be incomplete were it not for perth.

The rune's basic symbolics includes: the vessel nourishing and giving birth, keeping hidden and secret mysteries that are only possible to grasp after death as initiation. This rune is closely connected with the idea of destiny determining one's life path at the very moment of being born. The act of being born itself determines one's whole further life, all of one's choices and actions. It is possible for one to tread that path blindly, in one's total ignorance, or to try to discover what had been preordained for him. Perth is commencement of the process, as well as the tool for successful acquisition and attainment of insights and knowledge.

Upright position

Perth announces existence of a hidden secret in your question. You still do not know everything that is essential, but you certainly will come to learn that in due time, as the rune says that it masters all secrets hidden from others. This means that the person asking the question will, assisted by shrewdness or through acting stealthily, attain his/her goal in the foreseeable future.

This position of the rune can also stand for an unexpected wealth, most often relating to money, however also possibly in form of information that will offer one new opportunities, assisting and helping one directly in realization of one's life goal.

This is a generally positive rune, the one announcing revitalization of one's health and unexpected gains in all fields as a result of past deeds or activities.

Inverse position

When this rune is in its inverted position, you have to get prepared for a disappointment. Material gain that you are expecting is not going to realize in practice. Important information you have received recently will prove completely wrong, untrue. You are advised not to expect more than other people do, as, if you have failed to assess the situation objectively, there is disappointment awaiting you.

Meaning: protection

Phonetic equivalent: X, Z

Myths and deities: Heimdall

Zodiac sign: Pisces

People belonging to this sign are distinguished by their unselfish and self-sacrifising love. They are always ready to extend their assistance and help to everybody, to both their acquaintances and complete strangers. Their nature is mild, but they are impressionable and their positions are easily influenced. They are oversensitive, and are easy to offend. When you devote your attention to such they are very grateful, sometimes even exaggeratedly, or grateful when that is not necessary. Their immoderate sensibility is why they keep straining their senses all the time. Thus introvert, they often live like eccentrics, cranks.

In predictions it announces: protection, assistance/help, support, cooperation, warning, defence, mentor/advisor, ethical dilemma

Use in magic purposes: for protection, for success in hunting

Analysis: Heimdall is an interesting and mysterious figure in Nordic mythology, connected with the rune algiz because of the role of protector and guard. He guards the bridge connecting the worlds and decides carefully on exchange between the worlds. His attributes are his sword and the horn, that in symbolical sense can switch i.e. mutually exchange their positions. Both the horn and the sword, two equal symbols of power, can be used by Heimdall (whose name also means Aries) for both attack and defence, depending on concrete situation. His strength is the mascular power of weapons which is not aggressive but rather directed to keeping and maintaining peace in relations between the worlds, in this manner also in the Universe.

If we understand communication with the runes as the initiation journey, Heimdall is the last obstacle, the last barrier we have to surmount (after the death and the repeated birth) prior to returning to our world. He says that we have to utilize our newly acquired powers carefully and in a well-measured manner, taking good care about the ways in which our deeds and actions can influence others.

Upright position

This rune stands for all kinds of creative talents, and communicates to you that for solution of your problem, regardless of the sphere it may belong to, utilization thereof is necessary. Every sacrifice bears in itself creative energy, that is capable of bringing about change and resolving the existing problems.

When algiz is in its upright position, for the person asking the question this means that he/she will be interested in new things, whether such be a consequence of chance or result of a long-lasting and thought-out engagement. When the person takes a new road he/she will realize this is the right one, which will exert an extremely stimulative influence on him/her and the work i.e. duties performed.

This rune sometimes means (depending on the neighbouring runes) that the one asking the question features a mild and noble nature, and that sharing experience with other people is the source of what makes him happy.

Inverse position

In its inverted position the rune advises to the person asking the question to avoid people wishing to take advantage of him/her. The situation is to be assessed thoroughly, in order not to hurt people who have no evil intentions.

Meaning: Sun

Phonetic equivalent: S

A modern interpretation of this rune is also that of life force.

Myths and deities: Sunna

Planet: Sun

Sun is the benefactor and symbol of life force, incarnation of mascular strength and striving for self-conifirmation. Sun is the creator and ruler, and, same as every god of gods, people, and things, is capable of subduing everything and imposing own self as the ruler. People influenced by the Sun are cordial and humane, good-spirited and broad in their views. They like children and sophisticated things, especially art. Sun is the star of geniuses, rulers, and princes. On the other side, such persons strive to impose their selves in each and every occasion being the loudest and main speakers, which seriously diminishes all their real qualities and virtues.

In predictions it announces: success, positive energy, growth, power, activity, fertility, health

Use for magic purposes: for achievement of energy, strength, curing, fertility, success

Analysis: The Sun is worshipped, respected exceptionally in almost all religions of the world. Its light and heat are the symbol of life, growth, and general progress. Swastika, i.e. the Sun's Wheel, is the constant motif of the neolithic art through the length and breadth of Europe and Asia. This rune is a variant of that symbol, standing for movement and energy.

Sowulo signifies the end of the second aet. Same as wunjo, stands for success and glory. However, differing from the peace and rest of Valhalla, Sun is an outright symbol of activity. The end of the aet having been approached, positive results have been achieved, but the wolf behind our backs still warns us that we have to move on. However, sucking in of the Sun's heat and energy give us the strength needed to leave secure positions and to keep on going, regardless of what awaits us on the road.

Meaning in magic

This rune has neither upright nor inverse position. The rune's basic meaning is victory. In spread interpretations, especially when occupying positions speaking of outcomes or results, it indicates success, however a success achieved through hard work.

The rune also is an indicator of the need to take care of one's health, and to find time for the necessary rest. This especially relates to pregnant women, as well as to all those who spend their strength and energy intensively on their work. Sowulo warns, athletes as well as all other people, not to go too far with their physical exercises, as unwished injuries can occur.

In other case, it can point to an exceptionally tense state of one's nerves. The person asking the question is advised to relax, as everything is going to end well.

Meaning: Tyr, in modern times passion

Phonetic equivalent: T

Myths and deities: Tyr and the wolf Fenrir, Odin's sacrifising

Planet: Mars

This is the planet of Fire and intense passions. Symbol of destruction and devastation. The years of the Mars are years of disputes and clashes and wars among people. Its basic instinct is that of enslaving and destroying, demolishing. People strongly influenced by the Mars are aggressive, quarrelsome and imposing. However, despite being such, they often reach success.

In predictions it announces: duty, discipline, responsibility, self-sacrifising, dispute, strength, physical injury, warrior's path

Use for magic purposes: for protection, victory, strength, reinforcement of will, wound healing

Analysis: The way the second aet starts with purgation thanks to differentiation and realizations brought by halagaz, the third one starts with a loss. Gods' message to us is that for our own development and progress necessary is sacrifising everything that is of no absolutely vital importance. Teiwaz stands symbolically for a voluntary sacrifice, speaks of the necessity to understand what is given away and why, i. e. what is gained in return.

Tyr's sacrifising his arm in his clash with Fenrir is a noble act, expression of Tyr's sense of duty and ethical responsibility. The way Tyr is one of the oldest Scandinavian gods, his rune is also one of the oldest in futhark - having survived, practically unchanged, since the earliest Bronze Age. It symbolizes all the qualities possessed by Tyr: strength, heroism, sense of duty and responsibility, however also the deeper mystery of wounding the god. Same as in case of thurisaz, teiwaz's pains are focused on attention/care and maintenance of discipline, which gives the wounding its sense. This is the true path of a warrior.

Upright position

Teiwaz stands for energy and activity of any kind. Announces warrior mentality - steadiness, motivation and courage, that, united, achieve positive results.

In its upright position the rune signifies a passionate love affair. Means that it is necessary to give a part of one's own self to make it possible for that relationship, full of strength, passion, and emotions, to last.

In the business sense this rune speaks of necessity of maximum effort and engagement, and giving up some firm attitudes and positions in order to achieve progress and improvement.

Inverse position

If this rune happens to be inverted, the person asking the question is advised to be restrained in relations with the one he/she cares about, as this partner person is unreliable, one of those who leave their partners very easily. If you are careful enough and bear this in mind all the time, you will be prepared for such an unwished situation, without exposing yourself to unnecessary blows and injuries.

If the question is asked by a man, the meaning may be that such will experience some disappointment, as a friend of his is going to interfere his love affair.

Meaning: birch

Phonetic equivalent: B

This rune generally denotes fertility, or growth.

Myths and deities: Frigg, Idun

Zodiac sign: Cancer

This sign is under a very strong influence of the Moon. Symbolizes moisture, emotional traits, fertility, in physical same as in spiritual aspects. An artist's soul, full of joy and melancholy, with expressed affinities for realization in practice.

In predictions it announces: fertility, health, new beginning, growth, understanding/realization, removal of obstacles and barriers

Use for magic purposes: curing (especially of infections), achievement of understanding/realization, enabling new starts

Analysis: Same as in all other folklores in Europe, birch here symbolizes fertility. It brings prosperity and advancement, progress. On occasions of different holidays in the spring birch twigs are used to decorate houses and home interiors hoping that all residents of such be healthy and well throughout the next year; little children are "whipped" i.e. touched with twigs symbolically, in order that they grow quickly the way birch trees do. Sympathetic magic connecting birch with growth, health, and fertility is widely known through the length and breadth of Europe, and thus we come across almost identical rituals in the broad area from England throughout the Continent, all the way to the Balkan Peninsula, and Russia.

If teiwaz is accepted as the rune designating firstly and foremostly men's mysteries, berkana fully and entirely belongs to women: mother, one that brings cure and healing, midwife, women who donate new life after death - in the manner birch treetops are the first to turn green after the long and cold winter. And the way teiwaz's power derives from its being connected with death, goddesses designated by berkana draw their powers out of the secret female potentials and forces, menstruation in the first place, and giving birth to children as the supreme temptation and probation.

Birch is plentitude and health deriving from food, purgation, and empathy.

Upright position

Birch symbolizes fertility and growth, and thus berkana, too, is a symbol of prosperity and fertility, no matter where it happens to be.

The rune's upright position signifies a ritual in family or broader community, most often a wedding or engagement. When the question is asked by a young woman, answer relates to her pregnancy and is positive, but it can also denote relations between mother and child in general.

If the person asking the question is a man, then again it means pregnancy - if that man is married. In case of elderly persons it means enlargement of the family by birth of a grandchild.

Be as it may, berkana always announces a good reason for celebration.

Inverse position

This position means that the person asking the question is occupied by problems in the family, especially difficulties with children. It can also relate to problems a married couple has concerning conception of a child, or problems arising when embryo baby is carried.

Meaning: Man, Mankind

Phonetic equivalent: M

Myths and deities: Ask and Embla

Zodiac sign: Aquarius

Persons belonging to this sign are of a very lively spirit, and can be influenced very easily. They feature exceptional originality, due to which people often view them as eccentrics. Their keenest specialization is starting revolutions in all fields of science, art, and politics. Among such we often see founders and spiritual leaders of various religious sects, collectors of curiosities and rarities, revolutionaries, however also people with sick inclinations. They have their own views and understandings of everything and do not accept officially established values, on that basis often living through misunderstandings and disputes with their neighbours and surroundings.

In predictions it announces: the one who is asking, family, community, relations, social connotations i.e. meaning, social associations

Use for magic purposes: to stand for a specific individual, or group of people; for establishment of social relations

Analysis: In the supreme sense mannaz is the symbol of everything that is human, and this is why it belongs to the sphere of Midgard /the Midworld/. In practical sense this rune understands in itself those who are personally connected with us, from the closest circles of the family and friends to a broader community. It reminds us of the human nature - that of socializing animals. It also speaks about our manners of getting connected with the gods (Ymir) and the Nature (two trees - Ask and Embla). Takes the crude energy of ehwaz and controls it through establishment of social links and connections, reminding us at the same time of feelings for the deceased.

Mannaz is the rune that connects with gebo, however being much more complete. It couples female and male elements, as well as all other interpersonal relationships regarding the person in the centre, whose destiny is in a mirror-like manner reflected by the network of relations and relationships spoken of by raido. The past and the present, male and female, we and the others - all these mutually opposing pairs exist in the meaning of mannaz and make a whole. Mannaz is our home, however speaking of all those whose lives we touch with our life.

Upright position

Mannaz reminds you that of exceptional importance and significance for answer to your question are your relations with others. Necessity exists for you to appreciate and accept conclusions by persons whose opinions you respect. Here the word is not of any simple learning from others, but rather of a healthy cooperation that respects both your and other people's opinions and ways of thought.

In its upright position mannaz means that the person asking the question will gain big material profit if he/she signs some certain documents thirty days after the runes have been cast and interpreted. What the documents are all about is possible to learn if the house occupied by the rune is analysed and interpreted carefully, as well as the rune's relations with other runes, especially the closest ones. This rune is connected with the soul and human problems that often are announcement of a new era, juster and nicer.

If the person asking the question is in a position to make own decision as for the date the documents are to be signed, he/she is advised to do that in the first full-Moon phase upon expiry of thirty days after the day/date of spreading the runes. In this manner maximum success would be reached and gained from what the whole deal can offer.

Inverse position

If the rune is positioned inversely, to the one asking the question it says that there are foes watching with keen attention and lying in ambush waiting for a suitable moment to jump on him/her. Possibility exists to evade the trap, if correct interpretation is given of the runes lying on both sides next to mannaz. The two neighbouring runes offer advice concerning way out of such a situation suffering as little damage as possible, or even making a U-turn to one's own benefit.

Meaning: water, lake

Phonetic equivalent: L

The modern translation/interpretation of this rune: fluidity

Myths and deities: Njord, Snake of the Midgard

Planet: Moon

Moon is the symbol of woman. It is sensitive, receptive, and of a weak will, which is why we get the wrong impression that we can knead it and shape it as we choose. However, the Moon is constant in its untouchableness and trickiness. Moon is the symbol of female vitality, being practical and possessing the capability of revitalizing constantly, extending life. Symbolizes the fruit-bearing moisture, wetness, and dependence. People influenced by the Moon are very sensitive, emotional, however also fickle, often melancholical. When they engage in public affairs, they are popular and beloved in their company.

In predictions it announces: emotions, fear, unprecise thinking, hidden things, revelation, intuition, offering advice

Use in purposes of magic: to reinforce psychological abilities and capacities, oppose and contradict fears, stabilize mental or emotional disturbances, reveal hidden things

Analysis: Water usually produces pleasant associations - peacefulness, love, intuition - speaking generally: emotions. However, for the Norns water is the sea, and sea is a dangerous and unpredictable place, home of the Midgard's Snake, and many a seamen's grave. Laguz thus reflects both bright and dark aspects of the element of Water. Speaks of primary i.e. primal fears of dark, cold, and all dangerous things hidden deep in our subconsciousness.

Similar to eihwaz, that makes us face own mortality, laguz induces us to analyse and study the roots of our behaviour and offers us possibilities and opportunities to discover new paths of spiritual development. Understanding and wisdom acquired through acceptance of the meaning of eihwaz and the runes that follow prepare us to face our own dark aspect (reflected by laguz) and to accept it as an integral part of the character. Laguz trains us and prepares us to help others in the process of self-analysis and study, in this manner becoming our spiritual counsel.

Upright position

This is the rune of the psyche, or the rune of intuition. It brings into the closest plane the intuitive or psyche-related connections with the world surrounding one, and points out that full attention should be directed to hidden feelings. Possibility exists of a female influence being important and significant for answering the question.

For the person asking the question this rune can also mean leaving to where he/she will undertake university studies, which will prove successful, however also other kinds of advancement and progress in academic spheres.

If the question is asked by a woman, the rune may also mean birth of a child.

Inverse position

In its inverted position laguz warns the person asking the question not to go over the borders of own authorizations. If the person fails to observe such an advice, his/her behaviour may disappoint friends, relatives, or colleagues, which will produce an unpleasant situation for his/her own self. Such an incautious acting may produce break in relations that, regardless of additional effort invested, will not be possible to compensate for.

eaning: Ing

Phonetic equivalent: NG

Modern translation/interpretation of this rune: fertility

Myths and deities: Freyr, Nerthus, Thor, Vanir

Planet: Venus

In astrology this planet is also called "Small Fortune". This is the planet of love, goddess Venus being the protector of all those who are in love. To persons under its influence Venus donates an extraordinary sense of beauty, and this is why among such we find a large number of aesthetes. These are extraordinary sensual and peaceful persons, always oriented toward beautiful and pleasant and comfortable sides of life. Such people feature an extraordinary sense of enjoyment and pleasure. They are specially gifted by ability and capacity to love sincerely and to be loved, beloved and gladly accepted in company.

In predictions it announces: work, productivity, generosity, growth, balance, links with everything that is earthly

Use for magic purposes: for fertility, agriculture, growth, overall health, balance

Analysis: Ing is the Danish-Anglosaxon name of the god Freyr, God of agriculture and fertility. Agriculture represents the first human attempt at controlling the natural environment, while fertility and fruit-yielding of wheat, cattle, and people have always been the focus of attention of religions in pre-Christian agricultural communities. From the earliest Sumer rites all the time to modern ritual practices all over Europe people have always tried and striven, through the fantastic agriculture, to influence the Universe in order to ensure for themselves fertility of own fields.

The Man of the modern Western European and Anglo-American cultures has lost completely his relation with Nature, with the earth and agriculture in the first place. The meaning of inguz, although referring primarily to fertility of fields, symbolizes really the necessity of balance, of establishing harmonious relations between Man and the four elements (Earth, Water, Air, Fire), i.e. the four cardinal points. Inguz reminds us of the primeval ties between the gods and the earth, at the same time also warning that spiritual health is only possible to achieve fully through a repeated establishment of closeness with the natural environment.

Meaning in magic

This rune has no upright and inverse positions.

The closed quadrangle stands for completion, completeness, however only as the foundations for a new start, in this manner, speaking generally, denoting continuity. Inguz, at the same time, is consolation and warning. The rune says that the person asking the question is close to solution of the problem that has been bothering him/her for a long time. Announces ending of a stage in life and commencement of a new one, which brings more love and life joys.

This rune appears often also to signify birth or gravidity.

Meaning: day

Phonetic equivalent: D

Dagaz is the rune bringing with itself: prosperity and fulfilment

Myths and deities: Sunna, Balder, Nerthus, Yggdrasil

Zodiac sign: Leo

This is an outstandingly sunny sign of the horoscope. This is the sign of strength and warmth, with constant striving to ascend and win power, rule.

In predictions it announces: happiness, success, satisfaction, activity, realization of the wished way of life.

Use for magic purposes: for achievement of positive results

Analysis: This rune marks the end of the third aet, leaving only othila to round off the cycle. Same as in the preceding two aets, dagaz concludes this third with light and hope. And while wunjo represents the earthly glory, and sowulo the celestial brilliance of the Sun, dagaz connects them, introducing abstract celestial light and power into the everyday earthly life.

This rune's shape speaks of different kinds of association. Resembles gebo with its balance of the male, female, and the four elements, however dagaz establishing a firmer connection between the divinely and earthly spaces. Same as inguz, it symbolizes harmony in earthly environment, however also making a step further, showing us that the source of harmony is in fact spiritual in quality.

Dagaz connects all six key points - four cardinal points, the divinely province above us inhabited by gods, and all spirits of the Earth and Nature. All these points are balanced and integrated in this rune's meaning, the rune uniting them in this manner and bringing them thus united into our everyday life.

Meaning in magic

This sign has no specific upright and inverse positions in interpretation.

Dagaz denotes clarity and light - everything that has been unclear is now cleared, and this is what brings a significant change into everyday life.

This rune says that the person asking the question is awaited by a sudden complete change of his/her way of life. This can come as a consequence of a strong external situation one will have to get subdued to, or as a result of necessary changes that will be imposed on a rather large number of people surrounding the one asking the question.

Abrupt change in the life path is also possible to be brought about if the person asking the question settles his/her own accounts with his/her own self, and reveals the causes and reasons of own dissatisfaction. It happens sometimes that the person's life gets afterwards directed toward spiritual self-realization, including getting extracted from the previous environment, or even leaving to go to a monastery.

Dagaz can also mean that the person asking the question will finally find solution to a very serious problem bothering and pestering him/her for quite some time.

In some instances this rune stands for prosperity. When this rune is interpreted special attention is to be paid to the neighbouring runes as well as to the rune positioned opposite it in the Runic Wheel circle, as depending on these runes the meaning of this one is altered and varies.

Meaning: property, possession

Phonetic equivalent: O

Myths and deities: Nine worlds of Yggdrasil

Zodiac sign: Capricorn

This sign gives serious and solid people with excellent memory. They do not like to confess, to confide in other people, however also to stick their nose into other people 's affairs. They are modest and restrained in their own desires and wishes. They are rational, with great capacity for work, and thus they often supersede their own capabilities rising above the average. All this is possible to be brought into question, however, if they fail to find a way to suppress and control melancholic feelings and moods that possess them frequently.

In predictions it announces: property, land, inheritance, heritage, home, duration, synthesis, the sense and feeling of belonging

Use for magic purposes: to round-off land or property, for project completion i.e. execution, for reinforcement of family ties

Analysis: Othila, the last in the sequence of the runes, signifies return to the apparently earthly area of richess and property, and this is why it makes a whole with the first rune, fehu. However, while fehu stands for movable property, othila signifies land, the only property that is unchangeable, constant. Land, in sense of property, defines who we really are in the manner that it defines where we are. Finally, it is our home.

This rune brings us the seventh key point, which lies in the centre. Meeting here there are places in between Midgard and Asgard, between us and our goods. This is the axis our lives spin round. The idea of land or property is just a symbol of the request that we find our own "centre" which will bring sense into our lives, this being the true goal and destination of this travel through the runes. All adventures and travels end with one's returning home, but this does not mean that they are all senseless. On the contrary, it is only thanks to departing in the first place that we can learn and know what "home" really is, i.e. what the spiritual centre means in reality.

There is no place, indeed, capable of replacing one's home, however only provided one truly understood where the home is. The fact is that neither of the lessons along the way will make any sense if we fail to integrate it into our everyday life and find the central point, the one round which all new experiences are possible to organize and arrange.

Othila is not the ending of just a small cycle of the third aet, but also of the whole rune travel, in this manner taking us back to the beginning, however on a higher level.

Upright position

In its upright position this rune predicts financial and material gains. This can be a donation or help received from relatives, especially those elderly ones, from friends, or from someone who appreciates i.e. praises highly what one does and wishes to let one know that he is not alone. That donation, gift, can also appear in form of inheritance granted to one by some relative in the last will.

Othila points to your stubborness and insisting on own opinion; thus in coordination and combination with other runes it can possibly point to fields where you should necessarily demonstrate some more flexibility.

Inverse position

In its inverted position this rune stands for failure, misfortune i.e. accident, and big damage. The person asking the question is advised to be exceptionally careful in performance of own tasks and duties, because some damage might be produced meaning big material losses, most frequently the word being of damage produced to expensive mechanical equipment due to inappropriate handling and use. The person's life and health are not threatened, and thus no reason to fear in this sense. Only necessary is some special care in the coming period, as this is how an unwished material loss is possible to prevent.

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